Focusing on Words in the Passage

Exegesis, Hermeneutics and Bible Interpretation

Introduction

Welcome to Lesson 4.1 of your free online Bible Interpretation Course.

Introduction to Lexical-Grammatical Context

In this step of our Bible Interpretation process, we want to focus in on particular / individual words within our passage.

The reason for this more intense study is two fold:

1) Words in Scripture may have deeper meanings than may be readily apparent.

This is not to imply that we are searching for hidden or mysterious messages in the Bible. It simply recognizes the inherent complexity that is part of any language.

For example, the word translated as “fornication” in many older Bibles, incorporates all manner of sexual relationships (and not just, properly speaking, fornication.) This word even stretches back into the idolatry we see displayed throughout the Old Testament.

2) Words may have a meaning that are altogether different from the meanings we attach to them.

For example, the word “church” in the New Testament may conjure up in our minds large buildings, pews, an altar and pulpit, Sunday School and the like, which would be largely foreign to the concept of “church” in Paul’s day.

Thus, this step of the Bible Interpretation process helps us to look closer at particular words of our text (again, not looking for hidden meanings) but seeking a richer and deeper understanding of these terms in their original context.

How Do We Choose Key Words To Study?

As with anything in the Bible Interpretation arena, the more you practice this skill, the better you will become at identifying words that could stand a closer look.

For now, however, the following guidelines should provide an adequate starting point:

1) Choose theologically rich key words

These are words that routinely appear throughout the Scriptures and represent major themes of the Bible (covenant, sin, sacrifice, faith, love, gospel, etc.)

2) Choose words that are repeated in your text

1 Thessalonians  4:13-18, for example, contains the words “sleep” or “sleeping” on three separate occasions. A small word study yields some very fruitful insights for the use of that word in this important 1 text.

3) Choose words that are unclear and that are important in the passage:

For example, “covenant of salt” in 2 Chr 13:5.

4) Choose words that you would like to learn more about:

You needn’t limit yourself to a formula. If there is a term that catches your interest or want to learn more about simply choose it and do a more in-depth study. You can hardly go wrong with what you can gain.

Conclusion

The study of the words in a particular passage is an important tool in your interpretive toolbox. It allows you to gain a deeper understanding for particular terms, thereby allowing you to gain a better understanding of your passage.

Identifying which terms to study further is equal parts art and science. The above guidelines are simply that, guidelines. Let your interests and your own sense of what’s important in the text be your ultimate guide in choosing.

In our next lesson, we’ll break down the process for how to carry out a word study.

Until then, go study your Bible. 🙂